DMCA Policy

Effective date: September 3, 2026
Last updated: September 3, 2026

Ciber Media respects the intellectual property rights of others and expects users of ciber-media.com (the “Site”) to do the same. This policy explains how to notify us of material on the Site that you believe infringes your copyright, how we handle such notices, and how a person whose material has been removed may respond.

We are based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Canadian copyright law applies to us directly, and this policy also describes our voluntary practice of handling notices in a manner consistent with the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”), because our hosting and distribution infrastructure and much of our readership are in the United States.

1. Designated contact for copyright notices

Please send copyright notices only to the address above. Notices sent to other addresses may be delayed. This address is for copyright complaints; general enquiries go to [email protected], and privacy requests to [email protected].

2. Before you send a notice

Copyright protects a particular expression, not facts or ideas. A great deal of what appears on the Site is factual reporting about matters of public interest, quotation for the purpose of news reporting, review or criticism, and identification of companies and products by name — all of which are ordinarily permitted under the fair dealing provisions of the Canadian Copyright Act and the fair use doctrine in the United States.

Please consider, before sending a notice, whether:

• The material is in fact yours, or you are authorized to act for the owner;
• What you are objecting to is protected expression, rather than a fact, a figure, or the reporting of an event;
• Our use may be fair dealing or fair use — for example a short quotation with attribution, a screenshot used to illustrate a review, or a company logo used to identify that company;
• Your concern is really about accuracy, reputation or privacy rather than copyright. If so, this is the wrong process; write to [email protected] and we will engage with it properly.

We evaluate every notice on its merits, and we do not remove material simply because a notice was received. Where we consider a use lawful, we will say so and explain why.

3. What a valid notice must contain

To be effective, your notice must be in writing and include all of the following, as required by 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3):

1. A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner, or a person authorized to act on the owner’s behalf.
2. Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed. If the notice covers multiple works at the Site, a representative list of those works.
3. Identification of the material claimed to be infringing, described precisely enough for us to locate it — the full URL of the page, and the specific paragraph, image, table or element on that page. A notice identifying only a domain name is not actionable.
4. Your contact information: full name, mailing address, telephone number and email address.
5. A statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.
6. A statement that the information in the notice is accurate, and — under penalty of perjury — that you are the copyright owner or are authorized to act on the owner’s behalf.

Helpful but not mandatory: a link to the original publication of the work, its publication date, and, where relevant, your registration number.

4. How we handle a notice

1. Acknowledgement. We aim to acknowledge receipt within 2 to 5 business days.
2. Review. We review the notice for completeness and assess the claim on its merits, including whether the use is likely to be fair dealing or fair use. We may ask you for clarification; an incomplete notice is not acted on until it is completed.
3. Action. Where we conclude the complaint is well founded, we expeditiously remove or disable access to the material, and record the date and scope of the removal. Where the material is reader-submitted, we notify the person who submitted it and provide a copy of the notice.
4. Where we disagree. Where we conclude the use is lawful, we will tell you our reasoning in writing and will not remove the material. You remain free to pursue whatever remedies are available to you.
5. Records. We keep a record of notices received, our assessment and the action taken.

5. Counter-notification

If your material was removed or disabled and you believe this was the result of a mistake or a misidentification, you may send a counter-notification to [email protected]. Under 17 U.S.C. § 512(g)(3) it must include:

1. Your physical or electronic signature.
2. Identification of the material that was removed and the location at which it appeared before removal.
3. A statement under penalty of perjury that you have a good-faith belief the material was removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification.
4. Your name, mailing address and telephone number.
5. A statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of the Federal District Court for the judicial district in which your address is located, or, if your address is outside the United States, to the jurisdiction of any judicial district in which we may be found; and that you will accept service of process from the person who submitted the original notice or their agent.

On receiving a valid counter-notification, we will promptly provide a copy to the person who sent the original notice and inform them that we may restore the material in 10 to 14 business days. Unless that person notifies us that they have filed a court action seeking to restrain the allegedly infringing activity, we may restore the material within that period.

6. Canadian notice-and-notice regime

Sections 41.25 to 41.27 of the Canadian Copyright Act establish a “notice and notice” regime under which an intermediary that receives a compliant notice of claimed infringement must forward it to the relevant subscriber and retain associated records. That regime does not require removal of content.

Where we receive a notice under this regime, we forward it as required and retain the records the Act specifies. A notice under the Canadian regime must not contain: an offer to settle, a demand for payment, or a request for personal information; nor may it include a reference to such an offer, demand or request. A notice containing any of these does not comply with the Act, and we will not forward it.

Because we are the publisher of our own editorial content rather than a mere intermediary in respect of it, complaints about our articles are handled under sections 3 and 4 above.

7. Repeat infringers

We terminate, in appropriate circumstances, the accounts and commenting privileges of users who are repeat infringers of copyright. In deciding whether a person is a repeat infringer we take into account the number and substance of notices received, whether any were successfully counter-notified, and whether the conduct appears deliberate.

8. Misuse of this process

Under 17 U.S.C. § 512(f), a person who knowingly materially misrepresents that material is infringing, or that it was removed by mistake, may be liable for damages, including costs and legal fees, incurred by the alleged infringer or by us.

We take abuse of this process seriously. Copyright notices are sometimes sent for reasons that have nothing to do with copyright — to suppress accurate but unwelcome reporting, to remove a critical review, or to erase a company’s history from search results. We will not act on such notices, we may publish them, and we may report a pattern of abusive notices to the relevant platforms and authorities.

9. Complaints about material we did not publish

If your complaint concerns a reader comment or other user-submitted material, say so in your notice. Such material is not authored by us, and we will act on a valid notice concerning it under the process in section 4.

10. Trademark and other complaints

This policy covers copyright. Complaints about trademark use, defamation, privacy or personal data should be sent to [email protected] (or [email protected] for personal data), with an explanation of the specific material and the basis of the complaint. Note that using a company’s name or logo to identify and report on that company is ordinarily lawful nominative use and is not trademark infringement.

11. If your copyright is infringed by someone copying us

If you find our articles republished elsewhere without permission, we would appreciate hearing about it at [email protected]. Our own content is protected as described in section 5 of our Terms & Conditions, and we enforce it.

12. Changes

We may update this policy. The “last updated” date above will change when we do. The version posted at the time a notice is received governs its handling.

13. Contact

Copyright Agent
Ciber Media
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
[email protected]

See also our Terms & Conditions, Privacy Policy and Disclaimer.